【复合句的15个基本句型及例句】在英语学习中，掌握句子结构是提高语言表达能力的关键。复合句作为英语中最常见的句型之一，由两个或多个简单句通过连接词组合而成，能够更丰富地表达复杂的思想和逻辑关系。本文将介绍15种常见的复合句基本句型，并附上相应例句，帮助学习者更好地理解和运用。
一、并列复合句（Coordinating Complex Sentences）
定义：由并列连词（如 and, but, or, so, for, yet, nor）连接两个或多个独立分句。
例句：
- I wanted to go to the park, but it started to rain.
- She studied hard, and she passed the exam.
二、状语从句（Adverbial Clauses）
定义：用来修饰主句，表示时间、条件、原因、目的、结果等。
例句：
- When I arrived home, the lights were off.
- If you study every day, you will pass the test.
三、定语从句（Relative Clauses）
定义：用来修饰名词或代词，通常由关系代词（who, whom, which, that）或关系副词（when, where, why）引导。
例句：
- The book that I borrowed is very interesting.
- The man who is standing over there is my teacher.
四、宾语从句（Object Clauses）
定义：作动词或介词的宾语，通常由 that 引导，有时也可省略。
例句：
- I believe that he is telling the truth.
- She asked what time the meeting would start.
五、主语从句（Subject Clauses）
定义：在句中作主语，通常由 that 或 whether 引导。
例句：
- That he failed the exam surprised everyone.
- Whether we go depends on the weather.
六、表语从句（Predicative Clauses）
定义：在系动词后作表语，说明主语的内容。
例句：
- The problem is that we don’t have enough time.
- Her idea is whether we should leave now.
七、同位语从句（Appositive Clauses）
定义：对前面的名词进行解释说明，通常由 that 引导。
例句：
- The fact that he was late made me angry.
- The rumor that the company is closing down is false.
八、强调句（Emphatic Structure）
定义：用于强调句中的某个成分，常用结构为 It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who...
例句：
- It was the teacher who helped me.
- It is the best movie that I have ever seen.
九、倒装句（Inversion）
定义：为了强调或符合语法习惯，将谓语动词置于主语之前。
例句：
- Only then did I realize the mistake.
- Never have I seen such a beautiful place.
十、虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）
定义：用于表达愿望、建议、假设等非现实的情况。
例句：
- I wish I were taller.
- If I had known, I would have come earlier.
十一、被动语态（Passive Voice）
定义：主语是动作的承受者，而不是执行者。
例句：
- The letter was written by my sister.
- The project is being completed this week.
十二、不定式作主语或宾语（Infinitives as Subject/Object）
定义：不定式可以充当句子的主语、宾语、表语等。
例句：
- To learn a new language takes time.
- She wants to go to the party.
十三、动名词作主语或宾语（Gerunds as Subject/Object）
定义：动名词（V-ing）可作主语、宾语、表语等。
例句：
- Swimming is good exercise.
- I enjoy reading books.
十四、分词作定语或状语（Participles as Modifier/Adverbial）
定义：现在分词（V-ing）和过去分词（V-ed）可作定语或状语，修饰句子成分。
例句：
- The man standing there is my father.
- Having finished his homework, he went out.
十五、独立主格结构（Absolute Construction）
定义：一种特殊的句型结构，由名词或代词加分词构成，常用于补充说明整个句子。
例句：
- The work done, we went home.
- The sun setting, the sky turned dark.
通过掌握这些复合句的基本句型，学习者可以在写作和口语中更灵活地表达自己的想法，使语言更加地道和自然。建议多做练习，结合实际语境进行应用，以加深理解和记忆。
