【not(only及hellip及but及also的用法)】在英语学习过程中,"not only... but also" 是一个非常常见的句型结构,用于强调两个并列的成分或观点。它不仅可以增强句子的逻辑性,还能使语言表达更加生动、有力。然而,很多学习者在使用这个结构时容易犯一些错误,比如语法搭配不当、语序混乱等。
一、“not only... but also” 的基本结构
“Not only... but also” 通常用来连接两个并列的成分,如名词、动词、形容词、副词、从句等。其基本结构如下:
- Not only + 第一个成分 + but also + 第二个成分
例如:
- She is not only a teacher but also a writer.(她不仅是一位老师,还是一位作家。)
- He not only passed the exam but also got the highest score.(他不仅通过了考试,还得了最高分。)
在这个结构中,“not only” 和 “but also” 都可以放在句首,形成强调效果,但要注意句子的语序变化。
例如:
- Not only did she finish the work on time, but also she did it perfectly.(她不仅按时完成了工作,而且做得非常完美。)
二、常见搭配与注意事项
1. 主谓一致问题
当“not only... but also”连接两个主语时,谓语动词应与靠近谓语的主语保持一致。
- Not only the students but also the teacher is tired.(不仅是学生们,老师也很累。)
✅ 正确:主语是“the teacher”,所以用“is”。
- Not only the teacher but also the students are tired.(不仅是老师,学生们也很累。)
✅ 正确:主语是“the students”,所以用“are”。
2. 避免重复使用“and”
在“not only... but also”结构中,不能再使用“and”来连接两个部分,否则会显得冗余。
- ❌ He is not only smart and kind.
- ✅ He is not only smart but also kind.
3. 可修饰不同的词类
“Not only... but also” 可以修饰多种词类,包括:
- 名词:She is not only a doctor but also a musician.
- 动词:He not only studies hard but also helps others.
- 形容词:The movie is not only interesting but also educational.
- 副词:She speaks not only quickly but also clearly.
三、常见错误示例及纠正
| 错误句子 | 正确句子 | 解析 |
|----------|-----------|------|
| Not only he is intelligent, but also he is kind. | Not only is he intelligent, but also he is kind. | 当“not only”位于句首时,需倒装。 |
| She not only sings but also dances. | She not only sings but also dances. | 正确,无需改动。 |
| Not only the book is good, but also the movie. | Not only the book is good, but also the movie is. | 后半句缺少主语,应补全。 |
四、实际应用与写作建议
在写作中合理使用“not only... but also”结构,可以使文章更具层次感和说服力。尤其是在议论文或说明文中,可以用它来强调某一方面的重要性。
例如:
- The new policy is not only effective in reducing pollution, but also beneficial for public health.
- This technology not only improves efficiency but also reduces costs.
此外,在口语表达中,也可以适当使用这一结构来加强语气,让表达更自然、有节奏感。
总结
“Not only... but also” 是一个非常实用的英语结构,掌握它的正确用法有助于提升语言表达的准确性和表现力。在使用时要注意语序、主谓一致以及避免重复等问题。通过不断练习和积累,你将能够更加自如地运用这一句型,使自己的英语表达更加地道、流畅。